The source of energy for the operation of the tractor varies in type according to the size of the tractor to which it is fitted. It is a mechanism that, using air, extracts the energy from the fuel and transforms it into a mechanical (rotational) form.

    Its output is fixed by the physical size of the engine, the fuel burnt in that air, and its speed of operation. Its performance, which is represented in terms of the fundamental characteristic of the engine, the relationship between the torque and (rotational) speed, largely determines and of course, limits the performance of the tractor. These are discussed in Chapter 3.

Many other aspects of engine design and operation affect its performance. These include the engine processes, the type of fuel and its method of ignition, and the mechanical details such as the design of the components and the services such as the lubrication and cooling systems.

Engines used in agricultural tractors may be classified as follows:

(i)        Operational cycle ~ two strokes per revolution ~ four strokes per revolution

(ii)       Fuel ignition ~ spark - gasoline, petrol, natural gas ~ compression - diesel

(iii)      Air induction ~ unlimited- diesel ~ throttled - spark ignition ~ pressurized - super-charged

(iv)      Speed control ~ governed - automatic ~ ungoverned - manual

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